Classification of Glossectomies

• TYPE I GLOSSECTOMY (MUCOSECTOMY):Definition:
  • • Incision of the mucosa in healthy tissue with appropriate safety margins (0.5 cm to 1.0 cm depending on whether or not the lesion is well defined):
      • The mucosa and submucosa are included up to the intrinsic muscle fibers of the tongue
      • The deep resection margin should include:
        • A thin layer of the intrinsic muscles:Because of a possible invasion of the submucosa
  • Generally:
    • The wound is left to heal by secondary intention
    • Although the defect may be:Partially closed primarilyOr covered with a skin graft
  • Indication:Precancerous, superficial suspicious lesions, limited to the epithelium of the tongue without previous biopsy:
    • • The aim of surgery:
        • Is to remove all the lesion with adequate margins up to the healthy tissue with both diagnostic and curative intent

• TYPE II GLOSSECTOMY (PARTIAI GLOSSECTOMY):Definition: It includes the lesion and adjacent normal mucosa, submucosa, and the intrinsic muscles up to the surface of the extrinsic muscles (when the directions of the muscle fibers change)
  • • With appropriate safety margins (approximately 1.5 cm):The resection usually is diamond shaped on the surface, while more deeply, it is shaped like a truncated cone with the intrinsic muscles as the apex. The terminal branches of the lingual artery should be ligated
      • The lingual nerve is usually preserved
  • Closure may be partial or total with the objective of avoiding:Bleeding, postoperative edema, and retracted scars
• Indication: Lesions infiltrating submucosa and superficially into intrinsic muscles, but not extrinsic muscles, or infiltration less than 10 mm deep

• What is Head and Neck Surgery?:
  • It is a surgical sub-specialty that deals mainly with benign and malignant tumors of the head and neck region, including:
    • The scalp, facial region, eyes, ears, nose, nasal fossae, paranasal sinuses, oral cavity, pharynx (nasopharynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx), larynx (supraglotic larynx, glottis larynx, subglotic larynx), thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, salivary glands (parotid glands, submandibular glands, sublingual glands, minor salivary glands), soft tissues of the neck, skin of the head and neck region.
      • The head and neck surgeon’s work area:Does not cover tumors or diseases of the brain and other areas of the central nervous system or those of the cervical spine:This is the neurosurgeon field.
  • Among the diagnostic procedures performed by the head and neck surgeon,  are the following:
    • Nasopharyngolaryngoscopy:
      • Performed to examine, evaluate and, possibly perform a biopsy, of oral cavity, pharyngeal and laryngeal lesions.
  • The surgeries most commonly performed by the head and neck surgeon are:
    • Total or near total thyroidectomies
    • Hemithryoidectomies (lobectomies)
    • Comprehensive neck dissections
    • Selective neck dissections
    • Maxillectomies:
      • Total maxillectomy
      • Subtotal maxillectomy
      • Infrastructure maxillectomy
      • Suprastructure maxillectomy
      • Medial maxillectomy
    • Mandibulectomy:
      • Segmental
      • Marginal
    • Tracheostomy
    • Salivary gland surgeries:
      • Parotid gland operations:
        • Limited superficial parotidectomy with identification and preservation of the facial nerve
        • Superficial parotidectomy with identification and preservation of the facial nerve
        • Near total parotidectomy with identification and preservation of the facial nerve
        • Total parotidectomy
      • Submandibular gland resection
      • Sublingual gland resection
    • Resection of tumors of the oral cavity:
      • Glossectomy
      • Resection of the floor of the mouth tumors
    • Resection of tumors of the pharynx
    • Resection of tumors of the larynx
    • Split-thickness skin grafts
    • Full-thickness skin grafts
    • Sentinel lymph node mapping and sentinel lymph node biopsy
    • Resection of malignant skin tumors (BCC, SCC, melanoma) of the head and neck region
• The formation of the head and neck surgeon includes mastering the following subjects:
  • Surgical Anatomy
  • History and Basic Principles of Head and Neck Surgery
  • Epidemiology, Etiology, and Pathology of Head and Neck Diseases
  • Diagnostic Radiology of the Head and Neck Region
  • Tumors of the Scalp, Skin and Melanoma
  • Eyelids and Orbit
  • Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses
  • Skull Base and Temporal Bone
  • Lips and Oral Cavity
  • Pharynx and Esophagus
  • Larynx and Trachea
  • Cervical Lymph Nodes
  • Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands
  • Salivary Glands
  • Neurogenic Tumors and Paragangliomas
  • Soft Tissue Tumors
  • Bone Tumors and Odontogenic Lesions
  • Reconstructive Surgery
  • Oncologic Dentistry and Maxillofacial Prosthetics
  • Principles of Radiation Oncology
  • Principles of Chemotherapy
  • Molecular Oncology, Genomics and Immunology
  • Nutrition
  • Biostatistic

Rodrigo Arrangoiz MS, MD, FACS a head and neck surgeon / endocrine surgeon / surgical oncologist and is a member of Center for Advanced Surgical Oncology at Palmetto General Hospital:

Training:

• General surgery:

• Michigan State University:

• 2004 al 2010

• Surgical Oncology / Head and Neck Surgery / Endocrine Surgery:

• Fox Chase Cancer Center (Filadelfia):

• 2010 al 2012

• Masters in Science (Clinical research for health professionals):

• Drexel University (Filadelfia):

• 2010 al 2012

• Surgical Oncology / Head and Neck Surgery / Endocrine Surgery:

• IFHNOS / Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center:

• 2014 al 2016

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