Thyroid Hormone Synthesis

Rodrigo Arrangoiz MS, MD, FACS, FSSO
  • Active transport of iodine (I-) into the thyroid follicular cells:
    • Is mediated by the Na/I symporter (NIS)
  • Intracellular accumulated iodide ion is then passively translocated across the apical membrane into the colloid:
    • Via pendrin proteins and Cl channels
  • The effluxed iodide ion becomes covalently attached to thyroglobulin:
    • Mediated by thyroperoxidase (TPO)
  • Further iodinization of tyrosine molecules on the thyroglobulin glycoprotein then occurs via TPO forming:
    • Monoiodotyrosines (MIT) and diiodotyrosines (DIT):
      • Which are then coupled to create the bioactive thyroid hormones T4 and T3:
        • Again catalyzed via TPO
  • Colloid is taken up into the follicular cell by:
    • Micropinocytosis
  • Through digestion of this thyroglobulin by:
    • Lysosomal extracts and a resulting proteolytic breakdown of the thyroglobulin:
      • T4 and T3 are released into the cytoplasm
  • Finally T4 and T3 are transported into the circulation by a hormone transporter:
    • Monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8)

#Arrangoiz #ThyroidSurgeon #CancerSurgeon #HeadandNeckSurgeon #EndocrineSurgeon #ThyroidHormone

Published by Rodrigo Arrangoiz MS, MD, FACS, FSSO

My name is Rodrigo Arrangoiz I am a breast surgeon/ thyroid surgeon / parathyroid surgeon / head and neck surgeon / surgical oncologist that works at Center for Advanced Surgical Oncology in Miami, Florida. I was trained as a surgeon at Michigan State University from (2005 to 2010) where I was a chief resident in 2010. My surgical oncology and head and neck training was performed at the Fox Chase Cancer Center in Philadelphia from 2010 to 2012. At the same time I underwent a masters in science (Clinical research for health professionals) at the University of Drexel. Through the International Federation of Head and Neck Societies / Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center I performed a two year head and neck surgery and oncology / endocrine fellowship that ended in 2016. Mi nombre es Rodrigo Arrangoiz, soy cirujano oncólogo / cirujano de tumores de cabeza y cuello / cirujano endocrino que trabaja Center for Advanced Surgical Oncology en Miami, Florida. Fui entrenado como cirujano en Michigan State University (2005 a 2010 ) donde fui jefe de residentes en 2010. Mi formación en oncología quirúrgica y e n tumores de cabeza y cuello se realizó en el Fox Chase Cancer Center en Filadelfia de 2010 a 2012. Al mismo tiempo, me sometí a una maestría en ciencias (investigación clínica para profesionales de la salud) en la Universidad de Drexel. A través de la Federación Internacional de Sociedades de Cabeza y Cuello / Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center realicé una sub especialidad en cirugía de cabeza y cuello / cirugia endocrina de dos años que terminó en 2016.

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