👉Histopathologic types of tumors of the hypopharynx: 1. The most common (90% to 95%) histologic type of cancer is squamous cell carcinoma.
2. Other malignant tumours present in a similar manner either with ulceration or as a non-ulcerative swelling: – Malignant minor salivary gland tumors
– Lymphomas
– Sarcomas
👉Macroscopic pathology: 1. The majority of tumors present as ulcers and are widely infiltrative. 2. They have a tendency to extend submucosally and also also to metastasize to the local lymph nodes.
👉Epidemiology: 1. The hypopharynx is an uncommon site of tumors, the majority being malignant, and accounts for less than 10% of all squamous cell carcinomas overall. 2. The overall incidence in the Western world is one case per 100 000 per year: – 1800 new cases each year of hypo pharyngeal cancers are reported in the USA. 3. There is a high incidence in Northern France of 14.8 per 100 000 per year, which accounts for 18% of head and neck cancer seen in France. 5. The mean age at presentation is 60 years. 6. The piriform sinus and posterior pharyngeal wall carcinomas demonstrate a male dominance: – 5 to 20 : 1. 7. Postcricoid lesions unlike other sites, shows a moderate female preponderance 1.5 : 1.