Mirizzi Syndrome

Mirizzi Syndrome: The rare but challenging complication where an impacted gallstone in the cystic duct or Hartmann’s pouch causes external compression or fistulization into the common bile duct. The modified Csendes classification grades severity from Type 1 (external compression only) through Type 5 (cholecystobiliary fistula with gallstone ileus). Type 1 shows simple compression without fistula formation. Type 2 involves erosion affecting less than one-third of the bile duct circumference. Type 3 extends to involve one-third to two-thirds of the duct. Type 4 shows complete destruction of the bile duct wall. Type 5 adds the complication of cholecystoenteric fistula with gallstone ileus. Recognition is critical during cholecystectomy as misidentification can lead to bile duct injury. Higher types require bile duct reconstruction

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