Breast Cancer Molecular Subtypes

  • Breast cancer:
    • Is a heterogeneous disease:
      • Comprising multiple biological entities:
        • Each with distinct pathology, features, and clinical implications
  • Gene expression profiling in breast cancer:
    • Has identified four or five main molecular subtypes of breast cancer:
      • Recognized as distinct biological entities
  • Molecular subtypes of breast cancer:
    • Luminal A subtype:
      • Estrogen receptor (ER) positive, progesterone receptor [PR] positive and HER-2 negative with low Ki-67 [< 14%]
    • Luminal B subtype:
      • ER positive, PR positive, and HER-2 negative with high Ki-67 [> 14%]
    • Basal-like / triple-negative subtype:
      • ER negative, PR negative, and HER-2 negative
    • HER-2-amplified subtype:
      • Which can be further divided by ER status into:
        • ER negative, HER-2 positive
        • ER positive, HER-2 positive
  • Classifying breast cancer into these subtypes has led to a paradigm shift in how patients are currently stratified and treated

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