- DCIS is a proliferation of malignant cells that have not breached the ductal basement membrane:
- They arise from ductal epithelium:
- In the region of the terminal ductal–lobular unit (TDLU)
- They arise from ductal epithelium:
- DCIS had previously been considered one stage in the continuum of histologic progression from ADH to invasive carcinoma:
- But, in fact, DCIS comprises a heterogeneous group of lesions:
- With variable histologic architecture, molecular and cellular characteristics, and clinical behavior
- But, in fact, DCIS comprises a heterogeneous group of lesions:
- Malignant cells proliferate:
- Until the ductal lumen is obliterated
- There is an associated breakdown of the myoepithelial cell layer of the basement membrane surrounding the ductal lumen
- DCIS has also been linked with changes in the surrounding stroma resulting in:
- Fibroblast proliferation
- Lymphocyte infiltration
- Angiogenesis
- Thus, although the process is poorly understood:
- Most but not all invasive ductal carcinomas are believed to arise from DCIS:
- Which is considered a nonobligate precursor of invasive breast carcinoma
- Most but not all invasive ductal carcinomas are believed to arise from DCIS:





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